AAUSTRALIA
FACTBOOK
Australia FactbookDraft

November 2026 Edition

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Australia Factbook · National chapter / AUS

Economy

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2021 Factbook flag mirror; image identity has not been individually audited. Source.

Last updated: October 29, 2026

Sections in Economy
  1. Economic overview
  2. Real GDP (purchasing power parity)
  3. Real GDP growth rate
  4. Real GDP per capita
  5. GDP (official exchange rate)
  6. Inflation rate (consumer prices)
  7. GDP - composition, by sector of origin
  8. GDP - composition, by end use
  9. Agricultural products
  10. Industries
  11. Industrial production growth rate
  12. Labor force
  13. Unemployment rate
  14. Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)
  15. Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income
  16. Average household expenditures
  17. Household income or consumption by percentage share
  18. Remittances
  19. Budget
  20. Public debt
  21. Taxes and other revenues
  22. Current account balance
  23. Exports
  24. Exports - partners
  25. Exports - commodities
  26. Imports
  27. Imports - partners
  28. Imports - commodities
  29. Reserves of foreign exchange and gold
  30. Exchange rates

Economy

Economic overview:109

high-income and globally integrated economy; strong mining, manufacturing, and service sectors driving slow but steady growth; net exporter, driven by commodities to East Asian trade partners; weak productivity and aging population straining labor force participation
Source context

Reference period: As stated in each note.

Original reference ↗

Source note [109]

Real GDP (purchasing power parity):110

2024:$1.635 trillion (2024 est.)
2023:$1.611 trillion (2023 est.)
2022:$1.558 trillion (2022 est.)
note:data in 2021 dollars
Source context

Reference period: As stated in each note.

Original reference ↗

Source note [110]

Real GDP growth rate:111

note:annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency
Source context

Reference period: As stated in each note.

Original reference ↗

Source note [111]

Real GDP per capita:112

note:data in 2021 dollars
Source context

Reference period: As stated in each note.

Original reference ↗

Source note [112]

GDP (official exchange rate):113

GDP: 1,798,518,933,689.21 current US dollars (2025)

$1.752 trillion (2024 est.)
note:data in current dollars at official exchange rate
Source context

Reference period: 2024.

Original reference ↗

Source note [113]

Inflation rate (consumer prices):115

note:annual % change based on consumer prices
Source context

Reference period: As stated in each note.

Original reference ↗

Source note [115]

GDP - composition, by sector of origin:116

agriculture:2.2% (2024 est.)
industry:26% (2024 est.)
services:65.5% (2024 est.)
note:figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data
Source context

Reference period: As stated in each note.

Original reference ↗

Source note [116]

GDP - composition, by end use:117

household consumption:51.2% (2024 est.)
government consumption:22.2% (2024 est.)
investment in fixed capital:24.3% (2024 est.)
investment in inventories:0.1% (2024 est.)
exports of goods and services:24.7% (2024 est.)
imports of goods and services:-22.6% (2024 est.)
note:figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection
Source context

Reference period: As stated in each note.

Original reference ↗

Source note [117]

Agricultural products:118

wheat, sugarcane, barley, rapeseed, milk, cotton, sorghum, beef, lentils, grapes (2023)
note:top ten agricultural products based on tonnage
Source context

Reference period: 2023.

Original reference ↗

Source note [118]

Industries:119

mining, industrial and transportation equipment, food processing, chemicals, steel
Source context

Reference period: As stated in each note.

Original reference ↗

Source note [119]

Industrial production growth rate:120

note:annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency
Source context

Reference period: 2024.

Original reference ↗

Source note [120]

Labor force:121

14.912 million (2024 est.)
note:number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work
Source context

Reference period: 2024.

Original reference ↗

Source note [121]

Unemployment rate:122

note:% of labor force seeking employment
Source context

Reference period: As stated in each note.

Original reference ↗

Source note [122]

Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24):123

total:9.5% (2024 est.)
male:10.2% (2024 est.)
female:8.7% (2024 est.)
note:% of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment
Source context

Reference period: As stated in each note.

Original reference ↗

Source note [123]

Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income:124

2018:34.3 (2018 est.)
note:index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality
Source context

Reference period: As stated in each note.

Original reference ↗

Source note [124]

Average household expenditures:125

on food:9.9% of household expenditures (2023 est.)
on alcohol and tobacco:3.6% of household expenditures (2023 est.)
Source context

Reference period: As stated in each note.

Original reference ↗

Source note [125]

Household income or consumption by percentage share:126

lowest 10%:2.8% (2018 est.)
highest 10%:26.2% (2018 est.)
note:% share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population
Source context

Reference period: As stated in each note.

Original reference ↗

Source note [126]

Remittances:127

2024:0.1% of GDP (2024 est.)
2023:0.1% of GDP (2023 est.)
2022:0.1% of GDP (2022 est.)
note:personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities
Source context

Reference period: As stated in each note.

Original reference ↗

Source note [127]

Budget:128

revenues:$431.27 billion (2022 est.)
expenditures:$453.105 billion (2022 est.)
note:central government revenues (excluding grants) and expenditures converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated
Source context

Reference period: As stated in each note.

Original reference ↗

Source note [128]

Public debt:129

2022:58% of GDP (2022 est.)
note:central government debt as a % of GDP
Source context

Reference period: As stated in each note.

Original reference ↗

Source note [129]

Taxes and other revenues:130

23.6% (of GDP) (2022 est.)
note:central government tax revenue as a % of GDP
Source context

Reference period: 2022.

Original reference ↗

Source note [130]

Current account balance:131

2024:-$34.402 billion (2024 est.)
2023:-$5.186 billion (2023 est.)
2022:$5.707 billion (2022 est.)
note:balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars
Source context

Reference period: As stated in each note.

Original reference ↗

Source note [131]

Exports:132

2024:$425.16 billion (2024 est.)
2023:$448.507 billion (2023 est.)
2022:$465.99 billion (2022 est.)
note:balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Source context

Reference period: As stated in each note.

Original reference ↗

Source note [132]

Exports - partners:133

China 37%, Japan 16%, S. Korea 6%, India 5%, Taiwan 5% (2023)
note:top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
Source context

Reference period: 2023.

Original reference ↗

Source note [133]

Exports - commodities:134

iron ore, coal, natural gas, gold, minerals (2023)
note:top five export commodities based on value in dollars
Source context

Reference period: 2023.

Original reference ↗

Source note [134]

Imports:135

2024:$405.336 billion (2024 est.)
2023:$389.211 billion (2023 est.)
2022:$379.981 billion (2022 est.)
note:balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Source context

Reference period: As stated in each note.

Original reference ↗

Source note [135]

Imports - partners:136

China 26%, USA 11%, S. Korea 6%, Japan 6%, Thailand 5% (2023)
note:top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
Source context

Reference period: 2023.

Original reference ↗

Source note [136]

Imports - commodities:137

refined petroleum, cars, trucks, broadcasting equipment, garments (2023)
note:top five import commodities based on value in dollars
Source context

Reference period: 2023.

Original reference ↗

Source note [137]

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:138

2024:$60.404 billion (2024 est.)
2023:$61.703 billion (2023 est.)
2022:$56.702 billion (2022 est.)
note:holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars
Source context

Reference period: As stated in each note.

Original reference ↗

Source note [138]

Exchange rates:139

Currency:Australian dollars (AUD) per US dollar -
Source context

Reference period: As stated in each note.

Original reference ↗

Source note [139]

Historical observations

Notes & sources

  1. Economic overview. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-04 09:22:13 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition retrieval date: not supplied (retrieval only). ↩
  2. Real GDP (purchasing power parity). Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-04 09:22:13 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition retrieval date: not supplied (retrieval only). ↩
  3. Real GDP growth rate. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-04 09:22:13 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition retrieval date: not supplied (retrieval only). ↩
  4. Real GDP per capita. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-04 09:22:13 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition retrieval date: not supplied (retrieval only). ↩
  5. GDP (official exchange rate). Reference edition; observation: 2024. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-04 09:22:13 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Different reference years; no numerical agreement is asserted. World Bank: 1,798,518,933,689.21 current US dollars (2025). Reference: 1,752,000,000,000 current US dollars (2024). Edition retrieval date: not supplied (retrieval only). ↩
  6. GDP. GDP: observation 2025; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Different reference years; no numerical agreement is asserted. World Bank: 1,798,518,933,689.21 current US dollars (2025). Reference: 1,752,000,000,000 current US dollars (2024). ↩
  7. Inflation rate (consumer prices). Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-04 09:22:13 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition retrieval date: not supplied (retrieval only). ↩
  8. GDP - composition, by sector of origin. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-04 09:22:13 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition retrieval date: not supplied (retrieval only). ↩
  9. GDP - composition, by end use. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-04 09:22:13 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition retrieval date: not supplied (retrieval only). ↩
  10. Agricultural products. Reference edition; observation: 2023. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-04 09:22:13 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition retrieval date: not supplied (retrieval only). ↩
  11. Industries. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-04 09:22:13 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition retrieval date: not supplied (retrieval only). ↩
  12. Industrial production growth rate. Reference edition; observation: 2024. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-04 09:22:13 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition retrieval date: not supplied (retrieval only). ↩
  13. Labor force. Reference edition; observation: 2024. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-04 09:22:13 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition retrieval date: not supplied (retrieval only). ↩
  14. Unemployment rate. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-04 09:22:13 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition retrieval date: not supplied (retrieval only). ↩
  15. Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24). Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-04 09:22:13 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition retrieval date: not supplied (retrieval only). ↩
  16. Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-04 09:22:13 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition retrieval date: not supplied (retrieval only). ↩
  17. Average household expenditures. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-04 09:22:13 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition retrieval date: not supplied (retrieval only). ↩
  18. Household income or consumption by percentage share. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-04 09:22:13 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition retrieval date: not supplied (retrieval only). ↩
  19. Remittances. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-04 09:22:13 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition retrieval date: not supplied (retrieval only). ↩
  20. Budget. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-04 09:22:13 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition retrieval date: not supplied (retrieval only). ↩
  21. Public debt. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-04 09:22:13 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition retrieval date: not supplied (retrieval only). ↩
  22. Taxes and other revenues. Reference edition; observation: 2022. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-04 09:22:13 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition retrieval date: not supplied (retrieval only). ↩
  23. Current account balance. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-04 09:22:13 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition retrieval date: not supplied (retrieval only). ↩
  24. Exports. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-04 09:22:13 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition retrieval date: not supplied (retrieval only). ↩
  25. Exports - partners. Reference edition; observation: 2023. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-04 09:22:13 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition retrieval date: not supplied (retrieval only). ↩
  26. Exports - commodities. Reference edition; observation: 2023. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-04 09:22:13 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition retrieval date: not supplied (retrieval only). ↩
  27. Imports. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-04 09:22:13 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition retrieval date: not supplied (retrieval only). ↩
  28. Imports - partners. Reference edition; observation: 2023. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-04 09:22:13 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition retrieval date: not supplied (retrieval only). ↩
  29. Imports - commodities. Reference edition; observation: 2023. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-04 09:22:13 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition retrieval date: not supplied (retrieval only). ↩
  30. Reserves of foreign exchange and gold. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-04 09:22:13 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition retrieval date: not supplied (retrieval only). ↩
  31. Exchange rates. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-04 09:22:13 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition retrieval date: not supplied (retrieval only). ↩
← GovernmentNotes & sourcesEnergy →

Countries & territories

Same-year values. Equal values share a rank.

Sources & method

Ranks cover available countries and territories, using the same indicator, source unit and reference year. Unrounded source values determine ties. Coverage is not a sovereign-country or complete global ranking; national definitions may differ. Missing values and other years are excluded. The information icon preserves the original number, unit and evidence.

RankCountry or territoryValue
Source information
International organization

Source observations